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Digital health tools for the passive monitoring of depression: a systematic review of methods
This systematic review examines studies linking passive data from smartphones and wearables to depression, identifying key methodological flaws and threats to reproducibility. It highlights biases such as representation, measurement, and evaluation bias, stemming from small, homogenous samples and inconsistent feature construction. Although gender and race are not explicitly discussed, the lack of diversity in study
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Rapamycin Attenuates Anxiety and Depressive Behavior Induced by Helicobacter pylori in Association with Reduced Circulating Levels of Ghrelin
In this experimental study, researchers investigated how H. pylori infection influences depression-like behavior and certain biological markers in mice, focusing especially on the hormone ghrelin. Mice infected with the bacteria showed more anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in standard laboratory tests compared with healthy mice. They moved less, showed more signs of stress, and had lower
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Bias Discovery in Machine Learning Models for Mental Health
This article examined how AI can unintentionally reproduce social and demographic biases when applied to mental health prediction. Using benzodiazepine prescriptions as a proxy for conditions such as depression and anxiety, a study analyzed machine learning models trained on patient data to identify systematic disparities. It found that women are more frequently predicted to receive
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Increased risk of short-term depressive disorder after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A population-based nested cohort study
A study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance data found that antibiotic therapy for H. pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease was linked to a short-term increase in psychiatrist-diagnosed depression within 30 days. Women and patients treated with clarithromycin were particularly at higher risk. The researchers reported that the increased risk of depression after H.
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GWAS of peptic ulcer disease implicates Helicobacter pylori infection, other gastrointestinal disorders and depression
A study of over 450,000 people in the UK Biobank identified 8 independent genes that affect stomach acid, gut movement, and the body’s response to infection, including susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection. The study also explored connections between these gut conditions and depression, which often occurs alongside digestive problems, providing new insights into the complex
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Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with Long-Term Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study
Helicobacter pylori infection is usually known for causing stomach problems, but it may also affect brain health. This research study published in 2023 followed 268 older adults with memory complaints for two years to see whether H. pylori infection was linked to cognitive decline. While at the beginning of the study, people with and without
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Mental Health, AI & Learning
Proposal: Using Artificial Intelligence tools to support and mediate learning for students with math related difficulties, preventing and minimizing mental health issues. Proposed Implementation: 2026 to 2028 Call: HORIZON-CL2-2025-01 – Culture, Creativity and Inclusive Society – 2025 Proposed Budget: 3 850 702,80€ Keywords: Population dynamics, aging, health and society, Social sciences, interdisciplinary, Sociology Objective: This
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The association between psychological status and the development of early gastric cancer from atrophic gastritis
A recent hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study, was conducted in the Chinese population to explore the potential relationship between psychological state and the progression of atrophic gastritis (AG; caused by H. pylori or not) to early stage gastric cancer (EGC). The study included 258 individuals receiving care in the Department of Gastroenterology at The Affiliated Hospital
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Scalable Soil Health Restoration
Proposal: Scalable Soil Health Restoration and Climate Resilience through Biostimulants, Modelling, and Community Networks Proposed Implementation: 2026 to 2030 Call: HORIZON-MISS-2025-05 – Supporting the implementation of the Soil Deal for Europe Mission Proposed Budget: 3 688 792,50€ Keywords: Soil improvement, Soil management, Soil science, ecological capsule system, Soil restoration, Salinity mitigation, Aridity resilience, Biochar
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Family Well-Being & Key Gender Drivers on Labour Market
Proposal: Advancing Labour Market Accessibility in the Mediterranean Proposed Implementation: 2026 to 2029 Call: HORIZON-CL2-2025-02-TWO-STAGE – Culture, Creativity and Inclusive Society – 2025 – Two-stage Proposed Budget: 3 200 000,00 Keywords: Gender in economics, Social economics, Women and gender studies, key gender drivers, labour market, parenthood, work-life balance, career opportunities, discrimination, capacity building actions,
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The association between H. pylori infection and cognitive deterioration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The association between cognitive decline and H. pylori infection remains controversial, with some evidence suggesting that H. pylori eradication may slow the progression of the disease. A new meta-analysis reviewed 16 studies to explore whether H. pylori affects cognitive function and whether cognitive decline is linked to higher rates of infection. The analysis found that
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Assessing Algorithmic Bias in Language-Based Depression Detection: A Comparison of DNN and LLM Approaches
A study found that large language models (LLMs) outperform traditional deep neural network (DNN) embeddings in automated depression detection and show reduced gender bias, through racial disparities remain. Among DNN fairness-mitigation techniques, the worst-group loss provided the best balance between overall accuracy and demographic fairness, while fairness-regularized loss underperformed. The identified biases affect the fairness
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Seniors Neuropsychological Disorders Patients & EU Fundamental Rights
Proposal: Safeguarding dementia & other neuropsychological disorders patients’ and caregivers’ rights through strategic litigation in Europe Proposed Implementation: 2026 to 2029 Call: CERV-2025-CHAR-LITI – Call for proposals to promote civil society organisations’ awareness of, capacity building and implementation of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Proposed Budget: 421 359,58€ Keywords: dementia, Strategic litigation, EU Charter,
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Migrant & Vulnerable Group’s Health
Proposal: A Transnational Gateway for Access, Training, and Empowerment in Migrant Healthcare Proposed Implementation: 2026 to 2030 Call: AMIF-2025-TF2-AG-INTE – Transnational Actions on Asylum, Migration and Integration 2025 Proposed Budget: 1 779 118,96€ Keywords: migrant health, integration, healthcare access, well-being, accessibility, health literacy, vulnerable groups Objective: Address the critical gap between migrants’ legal entitlement to
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Mental Health Literacy for Kids
Proposal: Empowering Children with Mental Health Literacy Online Proposed Implementation: 2026 to 2028 Call: CERV-2025-CHILD – Rights of the child and children’s participation Proposed Budget: 341 576,10€ Keywords: Child mental health, Prevent cyberbullying, media literacy, online safety Objective: The project aims to address the pressing issue of mental health among adolescents aged 14-17 in the
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Developing personalized algorithms for sensing mental health symptoms in daily life
This study investigates algorithmic bias in AI tools that predict depression risk using smartphone-sensed behavioral data. It finds that these tools underperform in larger, more diverse populations because the behavioral patterns used to predict depression are inconsistent across demographic and socioeconomic subgroups. Specifically, the AI models often misclassify individuals from certain groups—such as older adults
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Regulatory Effects of Probiotics on Anxiety and Depression‑Like Behaviors in H. pylori‑Infected Rats
In a recent experimental study, researchers used rats to explore whether the use of probiotics such as Lactobacillus can mitigate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, counteracting the psychological and biological effects of H. pylori infection. Infected rats were treated with each probiotic alone or with the combination, and were then evaluated using standard behavioral tests for
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Racial bias in AI-mediated psychiatric diagnosis and treatment: a qualitative comparison of four large language models
The article investigates racial bias in psychiatric diagnosis and treatment recommendations across four large language models (LLMs): Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini, and NewMes-15. The study evaluates the models’ responses to ten psychiatric cases representing five diagnoses (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and ADHD) under three conditions: race-neutral, race-implied, and race-explicitly stated (African American). Key
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Domain Adversarial Training for Mitigating Gender Bias in Speech-based Mental Health Detection
A domain adversarial training (DAT) was developed in a study as a method to reduce gender bias in AI models for depression and PTSD detection using speech data (E-DAIC dataset). DAT improved F1-scores up to +13% and reduced gender gaps in detection accuracy, improving generalization across male and female participants, specially addressing the effects of
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Genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci and shared risk genes between major depressive disorder and gastrointestinal tract disorders
Although depression is often linked to digestive disorders, the biological connection behind this phenomenon has remained unclear. A recent genome-wide association study analyzed genetic data from hundreds of thousands of people to explore potential links between major depressive disorder (MDD) and gastrointestinal conditions such as peptic ulcers (mainly caused by H. pylori infection), acid reflux,
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Minding the Gaps: Neuroethics, AI, and Depression
In this article, the author highlights the benefits and potential issues regarding the use of AI in depression diagnosis/treatment, focusing on the prevalent gender, racial and ethnicity biases. It is mentioned that, given the historical, inherent biases in society generally and healthcare specifically, AI-driven advancements are not going to serve minority groups as a matter
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Bias and Fairness in AI-Based Mental Health Models
The paper examines bias and fairness issues in AI-based mental health applications, including diagnostic tools, chatbots, and suicide risk prediction models. It reports how unrepresentative datasets lead to misdiagnosis and unequal outcomes across different socioeconomic, gender and racial groups – namely concerning women, local ethnic minorities or non-Western societies -, and presents mitigation strategies such
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AI and Mental Healthcare – ethical and regulatory considerations
This governmental report discusses the ethical and regulatory considerations of using artificial intelligence in mental healthcare in the UK. Bias in AI tools (algorithmic bias) can stem from various places, including tools being trained on biased datasets and outputting discriminatory outcomes or developers making biased decisions in the design or training of such tools. For
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A Data-Centric Approach to Detecting and Mitigating Demographic Bias in Pediatric Mental Health Text: A Case Study in Anxiety Detection
This study examines classification parity across sex and finds that female adolescents have systematically under-diagnosed mental health disorders: their model’s accuracy was ~4 % lower and false negative rate ~9 % higher compared to male patients. The source of the bias resides in the textual data, namely notes corresponding to male patients tended to be
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Neuropsychological Disorders, Seniors and Fundamental Rights
Proposal: Strategic Litigation to Address Seniors Rights in European Union Proposed Implementation: 2025 to 2027 Call: CERV-2024-CHAR-LITI – Promote civil society organisations’ awareness of, capacity building and implementation of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Proposed Budget: 508 057,40€ Keywords: Strategic Litigation, Seniors, Neuropsychological disorders, Dementia, civil society organizations, capacity building, legal professionals and practitioners,
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Children’s Mental Health Literacy
Proposal: Empowering Children with Mental Health Literacy Online Proposed Implementation: 2025 to 2027 Call: CERV-2024-CHILD – Rights of the child and children’s participation Proposed Budget: 339 427,14€ Keywords: Mental Health, Raising awareness of children and/or young people Objective: The project aims to address the pressing issue of mental health among adolescents aged 14-17 in the
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The Role of Gender: Gender Fairness in the Detection of Depression Symptoms on Social Media
The study found that the BDI-Sen dataset used for depression symptom detection on social media exhibits gender bias, with machine learning models such as mentalBERT showing predictive disparities that generally favour male users. Although bias mitigation techniques like data augmentation reduced the bias, they did not eliminate it completely. The existence of this bias affects
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AEQUITAS
Proposal: Preparation of the CSOs and public healthcare sector to address gender and racial biases that might arise from the wide usage of AI in order to protect and promote fundamental rights Implementation: 2025 to 2027 Call: CERV-2024-CHAR-LITI – Promote civil society organizations’ awareness of, capacity building and implementation of the EU Charter of Fundamental
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Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and depression and anxiety has been reported in the literature. A meta-analysis was developed in 2024 with the aim of investigating the association between H. pylori infection with these mental health conditions. The systematic search was conducted not only in international sources such as PubMed, Web of Science, and
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Impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on age‑specific risk of incident dementia in patients with peptic ulcer disease: a nationwide population‑based cohort study
A large South Korean cohort study from 2024 examined whether peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy influence dementia risk in adults aged 55–79. Using national health insurance data from 2002–2015 and propensity score matching, researchers assessed overall dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) over 5–10 years. While the researchers did not directly verify
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Enhance Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostic Methods
Proposal: Genetic Biomarkers and Bioactive Compounds (from Plants, Bacteria, and Fungi): Enhancing Diagnostic Methods with Innovative Solutions in Healthcare Settings Related to the Growing Enhance Antimicrobial Resistance Proposed Implementation: 2025 to 2029 Call: HORIZON-HLTH-2024-DISEASE-09 – Partnerships in Health 2024 Proposed Budget: 36 862 500,00€ Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, Antimicrobials, Bacteria, Fungi, Health determinants, Pathogen agents, Genetic
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Predicting Environmental Impact on Health
Proposal: Predicting and Informing Air and Noise Pollution and Their Impact on Health from Environmental Data Proposed Implementation: 2025 to 2030 Call: HORIZON-MISS-2024-CIT-01- Changing urban spaces and mindsets to accelerate the transition to climate neutrality Proposed Budget: 4 998 382,50€ Keywords: Environmental health Objective: The project aims to tackle the interconnected challenges of air
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Gender Bias in AI’s Perception of Cardiovascular Risk
The study investigated gender bias in GPT-4’s assessment of coronary artery disease risk and showed that there was a substantial shift in the perception of risk between men and women when a psychiatric comorbidity was added to the vignette, even when they presented identical complaints. This resulted in women being assessed as having as lower
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Fairness in AI-Based Mental Health: Clinician Perspectives and Bias Mitigation
Considering how there is limited research on fairness in automated decision making systems in the clinical domain, particularly in the mental health domain, this study explores clinicians’ perceptions of AI fairness through two distinct scenarios: violence risk assessment and depression phenotype recognition using textual clinical notes. Clinicians were engaged with through semi-structured interviews to understand
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Multimodal Fusion of EEG and Audio Spectrogram for Major Depressive Disorder Recognition Using Modified DenseNet121
Depression and anxiety are common, often co-occurring mental health disorders that complicate diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms and reliance on subjective assessments. Standard diagnostic tools are widely used but can introduce bias, as they depend on self-reported symptoms and clinician interpretation, which vary across individuals. These methods also fail to account for neurobiological factors such
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Deconstructing demographic bias in speech-based machine learning models for digital health
This study investigates algorithmic bias in AI tools that predict depression risk using smartphone-sensed behavioral data. It finds that the model underperforms across several demographic subgroups, including gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status, often misclassifying individuals with depression as low-risk. For example, older adults and Black or low-income individuals were frequently ranked lower in risk
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Investigating the synergistic effects of amitriptyline and H. pylori eradication on depressive-like behaviors and inflammatory cytokines in mice
Recent research has highlighted the potential role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In this experimental study, researchers used mice to explore whether combining amitriptyline with H. pylori eradication therapy produced greater benefits than either treatment alone. Male mice were firstly allocated into four groups: healthy controls, H. pylori-infected mice, mice receiving
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Fairness and bias correction in machine learning for depression prediction across four study populations
A study found that standard machine learning approaches often exhibit biased behaviours in predicting depression across different populations. It also demonstrated that both standard and novel post-hoc-bias mitigation techniques can effectively reduce unfair bias, though no single model achieves equality of outcomes. The biases that were identified risk reinforcing structural inequalities in mental healthcare, particularly
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Key language markers of depression on social media depend on race
A recent U.S. study published in PNAS found that artificial intelligence models analyzing social media posts can detect signs of depression in white Americans but are far less accurate for Black Americans, underscoring the dangers of using AI trained on non-diverse data in healthcare. According to co-author Sharath Chandra Guntuku from Penn Medicine, these differences
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Value of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein for detecting depression in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection
Depression is often associated with Helicobacter pylori and the success of its treatment. In this recent research paper, it was shown that people infected with these bacteria have lower levels of BDNF (a brain health marker considered a promising biomarker of depression) and higher levels of GFAP (a protein known as a marker of astroglia
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New-Onset Illness Anxiety Disorder After Helicobacter Pylori Infection: A Case Report
In this interesting case study from 2024, a 21-year-old woman developed illness anxiety disorder (IAD), formerly known as hypochondria, following a Helicobacter pylori infection. In the case, even after the H. pylori infection was successfully treated, the patient’s anxiety persisted, affecting her daily life and leading to frequent medical visits and avoidance behaviors. While the
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Disaster Resilience, Health Emergency & Crisis Management
Proposal: Fostering Health and Community Resilience Proposed Implementation: 2024 – 2026 Call: HORIZON-CL3-2023-DRS-01- Disaster-Resilient Society 2023 Proposed Budget: 3 881 825,00€ Keywords: Disaster resilience and crisis management, Health, emergency, communication Objective: The project aims to enhance societal resilience and support vulnerable groups, particularly during crises. The goals include developing a user-friendly application for efficient
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Neuromodulating agents in functional dyspepsia: a comprehensive review
Functional dyspepsia is a frequent chronic condition characterized by upper abdominal discomfort without an identifiable organic cause. Usual first-line treatments include proton pump inhibitors or Helicobacter pylori eradication, but many patients continue to have persistent symptoms. Because of this, neuromodulating agents are frequently used in clinical practice, although current European, American and Canadian guidelines primarily
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Helicobacter Pylori and Psychiatric Disorders: Comorbidity and Therapeutic Perspectives
This 2023 observational study, conducted over three consecutive years in a psychiatric clinic, followed adults receiving outpatient psychiatric care for different psychiatric disorders. Of those patients, 291 had depression that did not respond to treatment, persistent iron deficiency, or digestive complaints, and were tested for the presence of Helicobacter pylori. After confirming the infection and
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Improving Health in Alzheimer’s Patients
Proposal: Adapted Physical Activity and Awareness Training to Improve Health in Alzheimer’s Patients and Their Entourage Proposed Implementation: 2024 to 2026 Call: EU4H-2023-PJ – EU4H Action Grants 2023 Proposed Budget: 596 289,60€ Keywords: Alzheimer, Physical Activity Practices, Physical Activity, Health, Inequality Objective: Dementia is one of the most significant public health concerns in the
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Association of mental health conditions and functional gastrointestinal disorders among Vietnamese new-entry medical students
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), sometimes called disorders of gut–brain interaction, do not affect only older people, they are also common in young adults. A study among 400 first-year medical students in Vietnam investigated how these gut disorders relate to mental health. About 10% of students had an FGID such as functional dyspepsia or irritable bowel
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of performance of wearable artificial intelligence in detecting and predicting depression
The systematic review and meta-analysis found that wearable AI systems demonstrate promising performance in detecting and predicting depression. However, substantial variability exists among algorithms and devices, thereby indicating that performance can vary significantly. What this means is that disparities across different algorithms and devices were identified, suggesting that certain demographic groups may be underrepresented or
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Helicobacter Pylori Associated Depression among Patients Presenting with Epigastric Pain
Helicobacter pylori infection is an extremely prevalent infection that has been connected not only to a number of illnesses such as stomach cancer and peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori has also been linked to depression but the mechanisms behind this connection are still poorly understood. A research study by Mohamed and colleagues aimed to better
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Artificial Intelligence in mental health and the biases of language based models
In this literature review of the uses of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models in psychiatry, an approach that “systematically evaluates each stage of model development to explore how biases arise from a clinical, data science and linguistic perspective” was employed to find existing patterns. The result was that significant biases were found, with respect to
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The Psychotic Impact of Helicobacter pylori Gastritis and Functional Dyspepsia on Depression: A Systematic Review
The clinical practice of adding antidepressant drugs to the therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, in addition to the standard drug regimen, has been widely considered in recent years but its specific role in this treatment is still unclear. In this systematic review researchers tried to establish if there is an association between H.
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Psychological effects of Helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis in patients under 50 years: A cross-sectional study
A cross-sectional, observational study involving 975 Japanese individuals who underwent a health checkup, has found that people with atrophic gastritis had a significantly higher risk of experiencing psychological distress or depressed mood. Interestingly, the risk was higher in females under 50 years old, regardless of H. pylori infection status. Although the mechanism remains to be
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Correlation between social factors and anxiety-depression in function dyspepsia: do relationships exist?
A research study conducted on the Chinese population in 2014 aimed at evaluating the prevalence and the social factors linked to anxiety and depression in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). This study included 907 patients with FD who attended a gastroenterology service. Despite being a hospital-based study, results showed that patients with functional dyspepsia had